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College of Graduate Studies

Chicago Manual of Style

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Note: Use caution when referencing any digital or printed style resources (including the Purdue OWL) outside of the published CMS manual.

Chicago Style

"Chicago style" may refer to one of two methods for citing resources.

  • The Notes and Bibliography method uses numbered footnotes or end notes to cite resources and usually includes a corresponding bibliography at the end of the paper.
  • The Author-Date method uses in-text parenthetical references and a corresponding "Reference List," similar to the APA and MLA styles.

Humanities disciplines typically use the Notes and Bib method, whereas the sciences and social sciences typically use the Author-Date method.

See for more on the differences between the two.

Turabian Style

You may also want to check out our Turabian page. (Turabian style is a condensed version of CMS more typically used in student research and writing.)

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